SUMMARY
God richly blessed and tended God’s “vineyard,” the chosen people, giving them everything they needed to thrive. But instead of grapes, God got wild grapes, so the vineyard must be radically pruned.
ANALYSIS
This love-song or parableA parable is a brief story with a setting, an action, and a result. A prominent aspect of Jesus' teaching was telling parables to illustrate something about the kingdom, or reign, of God. is a fine example of the freedom and creativity of the prophet. We have already heard several oracles of judgment against the unfaithful people, but now the prophet gets their attention in a new way. Everyone is attracted to a ballad singer. Everyone is willing to listen to a love-song. But this one springs a trap, not unlike that of Nathan’s equally creative parable of the wicked rich man who stole the poor man’s beloved sheep (2 SamuelThe judge who anointed the first two kings of Israel. 12:1-12). In condemning the arrogance of the rich man, DavidSecond king of Israel, David united the northern and southern kingdoms. condemns himself, just as the inhabitants of Jerusalem now condemn themselves in sharing the disappointment of the vineyard owner whose hard work went for nothing. IsaiahIsaiah, son of Amoz, who prophesied in Jerusalem, is included among the prophets of the eighth century BCE (along with Amos, Hosea, and Micah)--preachers who boldly proclaimed God's word of judgment against the economic, social, and religious disorders of their time. shows himself to be a brilliant and effective preacher.
The vineyard was a common image for the people of God (see especially Isaiah 27:2-6; PsalmA psalm is a song of praise. In the Old Testament 150 psalms comprise the psalter, although some of the psalms are laments and thanksgivings. In the New Testament early Christians gathered to sing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs. 80:8-16; JeremiahProphet who condemned Judah's infidelity to God, warned of Babylonian conquest, and promised a new covenant. 2:21-22, this last text mirroring several themes found also in Isaiah). JesusJesus is the Messiah whose life, death, and resurrection are God's saving act for humanity. too used the vineyard metaphor in several of his parables about the kingdom of GodThe kingdom (reign) of God is a central theme of Jesus' teaching and parables. According to Jesus this reign of God is a present reality and at the same time is yet to come. When Christians pray the Lord's Prayer, they ask that God's kingdom... (MatthewA tax collector who became one of Jesus' 12 disciples. 20:1-16; 21:28-31; Mark 12:1-9; LukeThe "beloved physician" and companion of Paul. 13:6-9). The Parable of the Wicked Tenants (Mark 12:1-9) seems deliberately to play off of this text in Isaiah.
Another example of the prophet’s effective use of poetry comes with the plays on words at the end of this passage. God expects justice (Hebrew mishpat) but gets bloodshed (mispach); God expects righteousness (tsedaqah) but got a cry of violence (tse’aqah)
