Revised by Kristofer Phan Coffman, 8/23
SUMMARY
The Gospel of MatthewA tax collector who became one of Jesus’ 12 disciples. More tells the story of JesusJesus is the Messiah whose life, death, and resurrection are God’s saving act for humanity. More the MessiahThe Messiah was the one who, it was believed, would come to free the people of Israel from bondage and exile. In Jewish thought the Messiah is the anticipated one who will come, as prophesied by Isaiah. In Christian thought Jesus of Nazareth is identified… More whose genealogyGenealogy involves the study and tracing of families through the generations – in short, family history. One genealogy in Genesis traces the nations descended from Noah. In the New Testament Matthew traces the ancestry of Jesus back to Abraham, while Jesus’ genealogy in Luke goes… More and miraculous birth are the sign and promise that “God is with us” (1:23). Jesus the Messiah proclaims God’s coming righteousA righteous person is one who is ethical and faithful to God’s covenant. Righteousness in the Old Testament is an attitude of God; in the New Testament it is a gift of God through grace. In the New Testament righteousness is a relationship with God… More reign in his words of blessingBlessing is the asking for or the giving of God’s favor. Isaac was tricked into blessing Jacob instead of his firstborn Esau. At the Last Supper Jesus offered a blessing over bread and wine. To be blessed is to be favored by God. More and deeds of healing. Jesus calls his followers to experience God’s mercyMercy is a term used to describe leniency or compassion. God’s mercy is frequently referred to or invoked in both the Old and New Testaments. More anew, constitutes them as a new community of faith, and then, as crucified and resurrected Messiah, claims all power and authority as he commissions these disciples for mission with the promise that he will be with them until the end of the age (28:18-20).
SO WHAT?
Matthew’s Gospel is important for its grand conception of the God who comes to claim and call a people in Jesus the Messiah. The promise of God’s presence frames and interprets the whole story of Jesus as the Messiah. This promise calls people to discipleship, shaping a new community that is constituted and lives by the forgiveness of God. The Sermon on the Mount proclaims to Jesus’ disciples the blessing of God for a people who are salt and light for the world. This is a people who experience the surprising message of the kingdom as being like treasure hidden in a field and who in the joy of discovery go and sell everything to acquire such a treasure. Such a people are surprised to find a God who desires mercy and not sacrificeSacrifice is commonly understood as the practice of offering or giving up something as a sign of worship, commitment, or obedience. In the Old Testament grain, wine, or animals are used as sacrifice. In some New Testament writings Jesus’ death on the cross as the… More, and so calls them to live responsibly as a new community empowered by the living presence of God’s Messiah. Matthew adds numerous parables of Jesus that help the reader to imagine this new life; to see what it means to live as ones who are often “weary and are carrying heavy burdens,” but who are called to experience the promise of rest from a savior who is “gentle and humble in heart” (11:28-30); and then to live as ones who trust in that mercy and lavish it just as freely on those they are called to serve (see 25:31-46; 28:18-20).
WHERE DO I FIND IT?
Matthew is the first book in the New Testament, the first of the four Gospels.
WHO WROTE IT?
Like all the Gospels, the Gospel of Matthew does not name its author within the text itself. Early in the Christian tradition, this Gospel became associated with Matthew the tax collectorTax collectors, sometimes called publicans, were unpopular because they were thought to be greedy and unscrupulous. Jesus, however, not only ate with tax collectors but also treated them sympathetically. The fact that he favored such tax collectors as Zacchaeus and Matthew annoyed many pious persons. … More. Even later traditions claimed that its author collected the sayings of Jesus in the “Hebrew dialect” for others to translate. This late tradition preserved by the church historian Eusebius, writing in the fourth century CE, is difficult to square with a text that is written in fluent Greek.. Matthew seems to adapt and supplement the Gospel of Mark, with a special emphasis on the relation of Jesus to Jewish Scripture and traditions. The conflict that Matthew shows with his Judaean contemporaries has led some scholars to posit that the author belonged to a Jewish sect, similar to the sect that produced the Dead Sea ScrollsThe Dead Sea Scrolls are ancient scrolls discovered in the mid-20th century in caves near an archaeological site called Qumran More.
WHEN WAS IT WRITTEN?
The precise date of Matthew’s composition is unclear, with scholars positing a wide range of dates in the second half of the first century. Many scholars believe that Matthew made use of Mark’s Gospel, which would, of course date his Gospel after the composition of Mark. Unfortunately, the dating of Mark is also uncertain, so a general dating between 60-100 CE is probably as close as we will get. The text of Matthew seems to have been used by the Didache, an early Christian document, and by Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who wrote around 110 CE.
WHAT’S IT ABOUT?
The Gospel of Matthew proclaims the good news that Jesus is Emmanuel (“God with us”). As God’s Messiah, Jesus calls his followers to a community centered around his teaching. Jesus’ healing, suffering, death, and resurrection empower this community with authority to go out and preach the gospel of Jesus to all nations.
HOW DO I READ IT?
The careful reader of Matthew will want to read it while reflecting on what the narrative as a whole reveals about the nature of the gospel message of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection. A reader should keep in mind that Matthew is part of a conversation with both the other Gospels and the traditions of Judaism in the late first century, particularly around issues of the law and righteousness, and the conviction that Jesus of Nazareth is the promised Messiah of Israel. The initial genealogy placing Jesus solidly within the tradition of Israel as a child of AbrahamGod promised that Abraham would become the father of a great nation, receive a land, and bring blessing to all nations. More and King DavidSecond king of Israel, David united the northern and southern kingdoms. More, and the angelic announcement of his pedigree as the “savior of his people” (1:21) need to be noted and emphasized both for their initiation of the narrative and as distinctive features of Matthew’s particular message. Similarly significant is the literary framing of the narrative with the assertion that God dwells with his people in the person of Jesus and that Jesus is theresurrected Messiah (see 1:23 and 28:18-20). That presence of God is certainly part of the central confession of Jesus as “Messiah, Son of the living God” spoken by PeterPeter (also known as Cephas, Simon Peter) was the disciple who denied Jesus during his trial but later became a leader in proclaiming Jesus. More as representative of the community (16:16). God’s presence is signaled in the prevalent theme of the kingdom of GodThe kingdom (reign) of God is a central theme of Jesus’ teaching and parables. According to Jesus this reign of God is a present reality and at the same time is yet to come. When Christians pray the Lord’s Prayer, they ask that God’s kingdom… More in Jesus, who, according to Matthew’s version of the good news, is to be characterized by mercy and forgiveness (see the doublets 9:13 and 12:7) that comes overwhelmingly as blessing and surprise to God’s people (see 5:1-16; 16:17; 19:30-20:16; and 25:31-46).
