SUMMARY
The sixth word for Catholics and Lutherans, the seventh for Protestants and Judaism, deals with the relationship between husband and wife.
ANALYSIS
Once again, the biblical context is much more restrictive than our contemporary appropriation and understanding. Technically speaking, sexual impropriety, immorality, or fornication is not in view here (see chapters 22-25). Wives were prohibited from sexual intercourse with any male other than their husband. Husbands were prohibited from sexual intercourse with any married woman other than their wife. This was to protect the paternity of any ensuing offspring. Part of the difficulty with our appropriation of this commandment lies in our very different understandings of marriage. Israelite society permitted both polygamy and concubines, which we do not. In addition, husbands were not obliged to be “faithful” to their wives; they could only commit adultery with another man’s wife, in which case the sin was against the other man. Some of this double standard was eased in the teachings of JesusJesus is the Messiah whose life, death, and resurrection are God's saving act for humanity More (MatthewA tax collector who became one of Jesus' 12 disciples More 5:27-32), though, again, the different conceptions of marriage must be kept in view.
Theologically speaking, “adultery” is a pervasive metaphor for apostasy. The covenantal relationship between God and Israel is frequently portrayed as a marriage (see, for example, HoseaProphet to the northern kingdom who married a prostitute to show God's relationship to a faithless Israel More 1–3; EzekielA prophet during the Babylonian exile who saw visions of God's throne-chariot, new life to dry bones, and a new Temple. More 16). Israel’s apostasy is consequently referred to as “playing the harlot” (“prostituting oneself,” NRSV) or the like (Judges 2:17; 8:33; 1 Chronicles 5:25; JeremiahProphet who condemned Judah's infidelity to God, warned of Babylonian conquest, and promised a new covenant More 3:9-13; Hosea 4:1-19).
